本文作者:yezi666

留学海外(如何适应国外留学生活)

yezi666 2023-12-29 143
留学海外(如何适应国外留学生活)摘要: [db:Intro]...

经过调查发现:许多留学生在出国后,由于步入了新的国外陌生环境,没有充分的心理准备,在文化适应上花了很多时间,这不仅影响了学习,也造成了不必要的浪费。那么在此专家建议大家在出国前有必要提前去准备一些对象国的资料,通过查询、学习来了解当地的风土人情以及人文环境,同时有必要的课接受一定的跨文化交流训练。

大家需要有一个观念:文化差异是一种自然现象。众所周知,无论哪一个国家里都会存在对外国人的文化偏见。形象地说,文化是一副有色眼镜,我们在看外国人的行为时总会用自己文化的标准去评价。这是一种很自然的现象。而且文化偏见的一个特点就是典型化,不管我们打交道的外国人多么有个性,在真正了解他之前,我们总是用自己头脑里已有的对这一文化的概念去“预见”他。

例如:法国人是很浪漫的。这是一个法国人,他一定很浪漫。而且有意思的是,如果我们发现这个人的行为与我们想象的不同,我们更愿意把他理解为是特殊的。如果相符,那么就会强化对整个文化的偏见。结果往往是曲解或冲突,不能给予异文化一个正确地评价。

例如:只要在某些国家的媒体报道发现了个别的中国非法移民,当地人就会认为中国人都想去非法移民。这时,个人的行为变成了一个文化的代表。在这种信念的指导下,他们对中国学生的某种“看法”也就可以理解了。

那么,作为一个留学生,当我们到了与中国差异很大的文化里,我们才能体会到自己身上的文化根基。我们会变得非常敏感,对针对自己的文化偏见,特别是对当地某些人的排外心理会感到十分不爽。但并不是所有的文化偏见都会产生排外的心理和行为。我们在国外所遇到的绝大部分当地人都是友好的。虽然他们也有偏见,但是怀有跨文化交往的愿望。只要我们友好得体,都是可以成为朋友的。

在大部分留学的国家里,极端的排外活动并不多见,常见的是日常生活中的不理解和反感情绪。因为饮食、起居、交往等文化习俗的不同,留学生的一些行为会让当地人感到不解。例如一些房东不愿把房子租给中国学生,因为中国人的烹调习惯会把厨房搞得非常油腻。所以我们到国外学习,首先就要学会适应。

经过调查得知:每个初次出国留学的人都会经历兴奋、文化碰撞和习惯三个阶段。根据每个人的心理素质、教育背景、年龄和语言能力的不同,这三个时期可长可短。

初次出国的人刚刚踏上异国他乡往往感到十分的兴奋。此时,正如一个初到的游客,他并没有真正地接触当地社会,因而对文化差异的容忍度也较高。一般来说,如果没有友好的向导,那么蜜月期很快就会过去,随之而来的便是失望和失落——失落在我们所不熟悉的环境中,衣食住行都要从头学起。文化的碰撞从生活的小事开始,其影响却是在人的心灵上。

等慢慢地我们理解并习惯了所在国的行为准则,言行举止也有意识地无意识地向当地文化靠拢,那么我们就进入了适应期了。我们不再感觉到无所适从,对当地的生活方式不再少见多怪,也觉得自然了,渐渐形成了自己的圈子。

然而值得注意的是:文化磨合的时间太长势必会影响到一个人的学习。那么为什么有的人文化磨合期较长,而有的人却能很快地适应异国生活呢?这取决于诸多因素。这些因素既有主观的也有客观的。例如,我们对所在国文化、人情世故、风俗习惯的无知;无法摆脱自己“文化的有色眼镜”等。客观的因素有年龄、语言沟通能力、地理环境等等。

一般来讲,出国学习的年龄越小,语言能力越强,就越容易适应。

留学专家再次建议即将跨出国门的学生:要尽量在语言和文化上多做准备。例如尽可能多地找机会接触在华的外国人,请他们介绍他们在中国的跨文化体验和国外的生活习惯等等。到了国外后,亦要大胆结交当地的朋友,在生活方式和行为规范上尽量做到“入乡随俗”。这是一种消除文化壁垒的有效手段。不顾一切地“我行我素”,到头来只能沦为“孤家寡人”。

一是仇外,二是媚外。两者都是文化偏见极端化的表现。

跨文化交流,我们应该暂时放下自己的标准去理解他人。但是不等于要放弃自己的文化价值观而全盘西化。其实,差异并不是件坏事。经验告诉我们,差异往往引起他人注意和好奇。如果我们能够把差异转化为一种沟通的动力,利用好奇来加强沟通,那么我们就可以交到很多朋友。

不同的文化之间只有差异没有优劣。正确的跨文化交流的态度应该是谦虚好学、不卑不亢、以礼相待、勿用自己的标准去评价他人的行为。也要学会保护自己,维护自己的民族自尊。否定自己的民族自尊决不会换来他人的尊重。

另外,生活在中小城市的人对外国人比较好奇,人也质朴,比较容易交朋友。大都市的人工作压力大、外国人聚集多,种族之间的距离也较大,容易让人感到人情冷漠。所以那些把自己的语言文化适应期放在中小城市的人,也不失为一个明智的选择。

出国留学需要什么条件要求

 1、外语条件

 申请出国留学的国际生都有一定的外语水平要求,只是不同的国家不同的学校有不同的标准。赴美、英、澳、加、新等通用英语的国家学习,需通过英语熟练程度考试,如TOFEL、GRE、ESE、GMAT、MELAB、IELTS等。以IELTS为例,中国大陆学生申请赴英、澳、新留学,研究生须6.5分以上。

 2、年龄

 申请出国留学必须身体健康,尤其不能有传染病、精神病。许多国家对申请者体检都有明确的规定和要求。申请者的年龄一般应在18岁以上,35岁以下。

 3、学术成就

 国外的高校对于参加比赛的级别也是很重视的。其留学条件是如果申请者曾经参加过艺术、体育类或者是自然科学的竞赛,并且能够取得好成绩的话,也能够让招生的官员留下深刻的影响,增加申请人的录取几率。

 4、学生素质

 孩子是否具备生活自理能力、学习适应能力、语言能力和较成熟的心智,这些都是保证高中生在国外健康成长和达到预期学习效果的必备出国留学条件。从目前来看,部分学生选择高中毕业后出国,也有的学生选择在国内读完本科再出国,这样起点更高些,可申请国外的硕博连读。

 5、资金准备

 资金是留学的基础保障,也是第一保障,准备送孩子留学的家庭应做好持续支付学生海外学习费用的准备,以及制定可能出现经济断层情况时的应对措施。

  怎样申请出国留学

 申请美国硕士留学必须先参加雅思或者托福考试。此外,学生还要根据自己去美国读硕士选专业选择参加GRE或GMAT考试。GMAT考试是美国管理学院和法学院硕士的入学考试,选择其它学院及专业的学生,在入学前需要考GRE。GMAT或者GRE只参加其中一种考试即可。

 美国大学的.招生官员在录取硕士时,一般会重点看这样几个美国硕士入学要求:

 一看学生本科四年的平均分;

 二看托福或雅思成绩,以及GRE或者GMAT成绩;

 三看学生在本科期间参加过什么课题的研讨,参加过学校的那些社团和志愿者活动,积累了哪些相关的工作经验。

 这些都是美国学校录取硕士的一个衡量标准。由于美国的教育体制比较灵活,很着重学生的全面素质,因而不会

 单凭你的成绩决定录取与否。

  出国留学申请书优秀范文

 Due to the comprehensiveness of China’s “reform and open” policies, economicsplays an increasingly important role in the development of its global position.Though more and more companies built, management of companies cannot catch upwith the development of the companies. Management is a burgeoning field inChina, so I hope I can acquire more modern knowledge on management in England.The roots of my strong interest in business can be traced back to my childhood.My father was among the first of China’s new breed of modern entrepreneurs. As ayoung girl, it was inspirational hearing about his business ventures, andmeeting the varied and interesting circle of entrepreneurs. My mother was alsoinvolved in business as an accountant, helping him with simple calculations. Andso it was early in my life that I hoped I, also, would someday be able to enterthe realm of business.

 With the time of growing up, I preferred reading books to satisfy mycuriosity. I never ceased to contemplate over the questions I encountered.Subjects on business and management became a special fascination to me and myknowledge of psychology as well as interest in this field was increasingrapidly.

 As a high school student in China, I had to concentrate on the CollegeEntrance Examination (CEE), even so, books not related to the exams were neverexcluded from my life. Unfortunately when sitting in the exam in June, 20xx, Iwas so nervous that I didn’t score well in the CEE exam. I enrolled in thedepartment of Computer Science in Zhejiang College of Traditional ChineseMedicine. Any attempt to persuade myself to focus on my major turned out to be afailure at the beginning of my college life. After several terms, I realizedthat I would never be interested in being a programmer or an engineer. At thatmoment, I lost my direction and objectives.

 My persistence in reading saved me from the dark situation. As a matter offact, I enjoyed reading the books included Encyclopedia American, and some booksabout management by Peter F.Drucker. I began to notice something interesting:Why some companies can produce more than others? Why some company can sell morethan others? Why some companies can build up but others cannot when facing thesame difficulties?

 With the questions in my mind, I started to read many relevant books. I waslucky to read the book “Jack: Straight from the Gut”by Jack Welch, in Which JohnA. Byrne makes a clear illustration that the management is important for acompany. When I was a junior, I ran a bookshop by myself near my school. Ishould manage not only the finance in the shop but also the employees in my shopeven made some strategies to enlarge the business in my shop to hold on the runthe shop. From this, my interpersonal skills and the capacity in business hasbeen greatly developed, definitely I was increasingly interested in what I wasdoing. By December, 20xx, I had finally determined to take business managementas my career instead of IT. To accumulate more relevant knowledge, I strived togain more practical work experience in some big companies.

 Fortunately, as a senior, I began by conducting an internship in theArchitecture Company in Zhejiang Province. Over six months, I worked as anassistant of the manager to harmonize the relationship between the differentdepartments in this company and to draft some management system, which broadenedmy perspective of management conditions and business performance in differentindustries. The experience showed me that management is much more important thanthat of I thought in big companies. After graduation, I continued my work inthis company. In May, 20xx, the company offered me an opportunity to participatein an training program held by a famous management school. Through in-depthdiscussions with teachers and students in the classes, they all encouraged me topursue my future career in management field because of my intellectual abilityand the brand new ideas I mentioned.

 During the short period of training, I realized that pursuing a higher degreein management is a wise choice for me now. Lancaster, with its excellence inmanagement, represents the perfect fit for my needs. In your challengingenvironment, I can build the required foundation of knowledge related tomanagement to achieve my goals. I am firmly convinced that your admission willbe my first step of success. With this in mind, I hereby submit my application,and await your favorable reply.

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